The International Academy of the History of Science was founded in 1927 on the initiative of Aldo Mieli. It brings together the most distinguished specialists in the history of science and technology from all countries of the world, co-opted solely on the basis of their scientific excellence.

Directed by the Council, it has its headquarters at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris and includes 200 seats for full members and 300 for corresponding members. It is a member of the International Union of Academies (UAI).

It holds its General Assembly every four years, within the framework of the international congresses on the history of science organized since 1973 by the Division of the History of Science of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science. A plenary lecture is reserved for the Academy at each congress.

The Academy awards two prizes: the prestigious Alexandre Koyré Medal, which crowns the entire work of a scholar or a team, and the Young Historians Prize.

Since 1947, the Academy has published the Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences (two issues per year), which succeeded the renowned Archeion; and a collection of works De Diversis Artibus (DDA), which currently includes 107 volumes.

The Archives and the collection are published by Brepols International Publishers in Turnhout, Belgium.

The Academy also carries out its own research projects, such as the edition of the Correspondence of Johannes Hevelius in partnership with the Polish Academy of Sciences (a project sponsored by the UAI), the edition of Greek and Latin alchemical texts (in partnership with the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres of the Institut de France); as well as the writing of its own history in preparation for its centenary in 2027.